Apparatus for carbonizing bituminous fuels



@wm .Rorzmcf BXTUMINOUS FUELS Filed Dc.A

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A. @STA APPARATUS FOR CARBONIZ'ING mfmmmop SS FUELS shams-snaai Filed Dec. 27

tenet? IC E APFABXATU 1901351. GRBONIZNG BTUMXNQUS FUELS.

Application sled December llll.l Serial No. 758,379,

To all whom t may; concern.

Be it known that L Anennnn'r Brera, a citizen of the German Republic, and a resi dent of Duisburg, Germany, have invented -icertain new and useful improvements in .Apparatus i'or Carbonlzlng Bitununous Fuelslv (for which l have tiled application in Germany, December 24., 19:23), of which the following is a speciicationI The methods of, and the means for, carbonizing bituminous fuels is-employed hitherto aimed either at passing as much materiel as possible through the fire in a certain period of time., or at producing a dust-free gas.

The object of the present invention is to do both Within a comparatively small apparatus.

The fuels are gasitied in this yapparatus with 'the aid of horizontally or vertically disposed circular cell-systems having (in allv sides heated suriaces.

The fuel is supplied automatically by causing it'to slide down from a receptacle located on a higher level than the cell to be filled.

The cells are emptied all at the same place which' is located. laterally from that place Where the ycells are filled; at the other side otthisplace .the fuel introduced into the exteriorlyv disposed mantles, the arrfmge or on only one side.

cells is compressed.

1f the circular cell-system is arranged vern tically its cells may he closed on both sides In the first of these cases the heating means may be provided in nicht being then such that the heating gases wash thecellwalls exteriorly, as Well as 1nterorly, and are conducted ott' upwardly from the centre ofthe circular cellsystem.

The heating can be eilected, however, also insuch a Way thatthe middle portieri of the circular system loit cells is heated and the heating gases are then conducted away outwardly.

The arrangement may, furthermore. be such that the heating can be effected alten nately in the ldirection from the periphery to the centre and from thf tothe periphery -so that the cell-walls are heated very uniformly.

In order to conduct theheating gases uniformlyv along the cell-walls in the case of exterior heating. 'the outlet-tube extends upwardly and is provided with outlet-openings which decrease in the upward direction of this tube. f Y

The exteriorly disposed heating chamber may be subdivided into several chambers or compartments by means of inserted partition Walls which extend radially with respect to the circular celLsystem so that the cells which pass, While the cell-syste1n is turning,

in front of said walls are .heated to diderent temperatures in their various positions. The heating may be regulated by means of turnable burner-tubes arranged in front of the burneropenings, and beingeach provided with slots, as well as with'a tube that can be turned upon the hurier-tube to which it appertains and the operative end of which is smooth on one side and toothed like saw-4 teeth on its other side. The amount of gas to be supplied by a burncntube of this kind is regulated by turning the outer tube more or less. The amount of air can be regulated by adjusting the burner-tubes relatively to the burner openings. -v

The retort may be heated also lby burners of another kind, provided, the cells can be heated uniformly by. means ot thein.

The stationary bottom-plate may be heated either partly or around its entire circuinference. i

rlhc degasiied coke is discharged down- Wardly at a certain position of the cells. The bottom-plate is provided with an aperture through which the eolie 'falls into a collecty ing space from which it canbe discharged either through a water-seal or by means of a cell-Wheel.

ln the. position following the discharge ofthe coke the emptied cell is illed with another charge of' fuel to'be gasiied, the filling being effected by causing tlie.1naterial to I.

slide down from a. drying-shaft located above the circular celllsystem. lOwing to the rotation of the circular cell system the lfilled cell travels to and into the next posi tion Where the material is compressed by' a suitably disposed compressing device sothat proceeds, without rising over ythe upper cell- I contained in said gutters is cooled by tubes immersed in it and containing flowing water; there are two such gutters above the cell-system and one below it, all gutters being enclosed inthe stationary outer casing. Owing to this part being stationary, as pist stated, the supply and the discharge of the cooling water can be effected without any difficulty. pipes proper in the said gutter, or in the tar respectively, each gutter may'have a double bottom, the cooling water being then caused to iow in the channel formed by said two bottoms and the appel-taining parteof the lateral walls.

The movabie parts of the retort are supported Iby a vertical pivot which is the chief Asupporting means, andbesides said pivot a circle of rolls is provided which hold the cell system in proper position vertically and horizontally.

Prior to conducting the carbonizing material to the cells, it may be pre-heated and pre-dried in a shaft. A part of the heating gases escaping from the cells can beibranched 0E and used for effecting said preliminary heating and4 drying.

way that the exterior part is rotating and the cell-system is stationary.

I In lieu of a sliding plate located below the cells, laps, or equivalent -members may be provided which are opened automatically at the place where the material treated shall leave the cell-system, this material being, by the means provided in lieu o said plate, prevented from sliding on such a plate.

lilith the vertically disposed circular cellsystems having cells that are open on one' side theginaterlal travels on the open side of the, cell-s 'along a heating plate so that itis .heated on all sides also with systems of this kind. According as the open side of the cells is directed outwardly or inwardly, the

heating plate closing the cells on kthat side may also be arranged outwardly or inwardly. The heating gases may be conducted 1 also with these systems from the. centre to the periphery, o r reversely, or the two direc tions may alternate with one another.

l Additional burners may be provided in order to render the heating more uniform.

The seal between the rotatory and the stationary part of the retort may be effected also in this case by gutters containing tar, but it is also possible to provide stufiingboxes for thatpurpose.

y Also the retorts with vertical cells may be so devised that the'exterior parts are rotatory, whereas the cell-system proper is stationary.

ifi/"ith the' retorts with horizontally dislnstead of arranging cooling- Vside. The slots fr can,

out/er side, and are emptied wholly or partly.

at a certain position of the system. The filled cells which have been filled at a place lying near that where the emptying takes place pass along a hcatingplate so that the material is again heated on all sides. Also with these systems the heating gases may be conducted radially inwards or outwards, or alternately in both directions, and additional burners may be provided to render the heating still more uniform.

The heat is transmitted quickly also to the inner )arts ofthc individual charfres.

of the material introduced` into the cells as it is heated from all sides at a time, whereby the time of heating it thoroughly is shortenedmaterially.

My invention is illustrated diagram-y matically and by way of example in the accompanying drawing in which Figure l is a vertical axial sectionsthrough one constructional form of a retort devised for carrying the method into practice; Figure 1a is an enlarged view of a section ot one of the adjustable burners, Figure 2 is a horizontal section inthe plane Ilof Fig. l; Figure 3 is an illustration similar to Fig. 1, showing a modification(Figure The retort may be built also m Such a 4 1S a horrlonti sec ion 1n the plane IV IV of Fig. 3; Figure 5 is a vertical axial section through another modification. the axis ot this retort lying;r horizontally instead of standing vertically; and Figure .6 is a vertical section in the plane VI-V of Fig. 5.

Referringto Figs. 1 and 2, hfl cells of this constructional form ot the retort are laterally completely closed; the retort is. l.

heated exteriorly and theheating'ga'ses escape centrally in upward direction. (L denotes the circular cell-system which is carried centrally by the pivot l) and is rotated by the worm-gearing c. rlfhe cell-wheel is supported also by circular-ly disposed rolls Il, the chief object. o1"- which is to maintain the said system in proper position horizontally and vertically.

.The cell-system a'is surrounded with a cylindrical wall e which is. preferably, lined with a refractory material and yis cailed heating mantle in the following part of this specification. The heating mantle a is provided with vertical slots 7 termed burf ner-openings in the following part of this specification.

ln' front. othese openings oscillale burner-tubes g are arranged whichA t are suppliedwith heating gas by annular pipes -h1 h2. `f v rlhe burner-tubes@ are eachcomposed of an inner tube z" having vertical slots Z2. and of an outer tube Z having verticalslotsm.

lthe vertical rims or edgesof which are` actually' vertical on one side of. the slot and shaped like saw-teeth onytihe opposite. therefore, be closed temeer more or less7 es requreol, by turning more Mori less tbe eppertelning tube Z, and besides,

ciwiiigytotlie spaces between the tcetli on one sitle ot eccli slot m tbe beating ges pessing through Sinti spaces'acts similarly to o o spray.

- y Also the iiirsupply can be regulated owing to the tubes 't' being turneble in the niop'le's, by which they are branched oft" from the annuler fuel 'feeding tubes k1' and h2. lly this oscillating or swinging movement of tbe burner tubes g their critic slots la m are movecl towards or owey from the slots ,f in the cylindrical well or heating mantle c, which lateral adjustment results in o corresponding change of the injector-like suor tion o oir into the oerbonizing chamber.

n denotes throttling valves insertefl be tween Lne bent upper end lower ende o: the burner-tubes g sind the supply pipe h1, ft2.

Outside the circuler cell-system a. some inwardly projecting radial pui'titionwa.ll oV :ire provi led by which the heating space enclosing the cells is ,divided into several coinpertinents whereby it is rendered` possible to heet the cells to diilerent temperatures in the different positions they assume while the circular cell-system is being rotated.

ln the constructional form shown by way of example in Figs. l sind 2 there are three partition-wells and, consequently, three coinpartments, of which .one is intended for moderate beating, the other for heating of vmedium intensity, und tbe thirfl. tor strong heating. g

The beating geses pass through the retort in the directions indicated by the arrows 'and :1re Yconducted sway, finally, through the cene trol tiil'ie p from which they escape et the y, ld. lhis tube is provided. with`verticA nots q which 'orrn superposecl series on( "in'wbicli the slots et en uper series are lower or shorter than the s ots in the'. series therebelow, so that the gases ere distributed riicticelly uniformly over all cells. Lutero ly from the u permost part ot the lisclierge-tubei o. prerying device for the coal is arrange and within salti port ot tl/ie tube p c throttlin "vulve 1* is provitle, enel e passage is esta lishetlbetweeii the seitll tubeepart and seid pre-drying device, the :ii-rangement being such that e. port ottbe escaping grises can be ceusetl to poss through the mantle-of seid prolieating device vin order tocontribute to the drying of tbe cool Ylierein contained. i liitlie position I the 'coletl materiel is discharged g, in the position ll fresh coul is suppliedlroin the cool-shaft t, and in the 4position lll the nieterislto be cerbonize is compressed by melius ot' e compression device u. y o denotes the .emailen collector .tor the by-pro-:luct gas distilled fi'onrtliefuel, solei .y

collector being separated from tbe outer cirl by two annuler concentric gutters 'w to l'illefl with tar.; o third gutter ioillerl with ter is provided below the oellfsysteni, and an annular sheet instel member clips into the object of these pipes through which water is "flowing being to cool the tor contained in the serial gutters.

The lay-product gases are led away from the gas collector o through the pipe y. The bottoni-plate .e is heated by burners el arran ed below it. y

T `.e celbsystein is roteteilin the direction indicated by the arrow snown in Fig. 2.

The retort illustrated in Figs. 3 and fl lies outwardly open cells. The cells' pass alone' the heating mantle el which is heated by tie burnersv. llie heating; grises flow in the direction oli tbe crrowsitlirougli the tube 3 into tire inner port othe heating system enti escape through the tube 4:. lVithin. the heating system o cylintlrical guide-plete 5 is provided by which the gases are caused tc'pess olong the walls of tlie cells. The retort is seelecl et its up )er part by e. terronteining gutter fw an at its lower'part by e stuiingbox o. Filling tbe cells, compressing the materiel lillecl into tliem, enel emptying the cells, is e'ected practically in tlieserne insiiner as has been described with respect to tbe construetional forni. shown in Figs. l cnil 2. 7, et the lower part ci tlie retort, denotes an edditonel burner. rotetetl in the tlirection incliceted by the arrow.

The retort sbownin Figs. 5 and 6 is provided with e.,liorizontsl cell-system. The cells are outwtrdly open sind passolongffthe beating mantle e2 which is' heated bfy burners lll the cells are being! lilleti, in that the cerbonizing; materiel slidesclown by itself thereinto. The .by-product gases cre conducteii ci? tbe receiver 16 by tlietube l?. -'llrie cellu system is driven -by e- -worm-geer 18, sup-- portecl on rolls 19, enel rotated in tbe direction indicated by the arrow. c

Ic'leini: y

l. An apparatus for carbonisiiig bitumililie circuler cell-system is its und means 'for heating -thecells on all sides with the exception of the upper side, and for heating alsoat least parts of said bottom plate, substantially as described.

10. An apparatus for carbonizing bituminous fuels, comprising, in combination, a plurality of cells spaced apart and ixedly grouped into afnannular series and adapted lo be turned. around a vertical axis; ,means .for heating ythe cells 0nv all sides with the cxceptiomofthe upper side; astationary mantle enclosing the cells.; circular liquid seals arrangedj above and below the retort, the saidlicfuil' seals consisting` of circular ltar llled gutters cooperating With' lcircular partitions dipping from alcove into the tar villing o'rthe gutters, end thesaid liquid seals being adapted to separatawith the aid of the tar, the interior of the cell-sys ...tule

tem from the atmos here, a circular, glatiolr l ary collector for tue byproduct. gas conlnected with said circular partitions5 and at least one outlet-pipe for the luy-product gases, substantially as described.

1l. An apparaus forcarbonizing hitumi- 25 nous fuels, comprising, 1n combination, a

plurality of Acells spaced apart and lixedly upper side; means for feedingt the yfuel in lilielilled cell at a neigh curing place, and n'ieans'fr discharging the degasilied fuel again ata neighbouring place, means for supplying heating gases of sev'-l eral temperatures so as to heat the cells cory j respondingly to different temperatures, substantially'as described. j

ln testimonywhereof I allx my signa- ADALBERT RESTA.

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